Cube notation is a compact language for describing turns. The letter identifies a face: R is right, L is left, U is up, D is down, F is front, and B is back.
Read moves from left to right
An algorithm is a sequence of individual turns separated by spaces. Read it from left to right and keep the same front orientation unless the instructions explicitly tell you to rotate the whole cube. The centre stickers identify each face, so “R” means the right face from the solver’s current perspective—not the right side of the page.
Prime and double turns
An apostrophe tells you to turn the face anticlockwise, and a 2 tells you to make a half-turn. Practise each move on the digital cube before combining moves into an algorithm.
The three most common ways to write a face turn
Ris a clockwise quarter-turn of the right face.R'is an anticlockwise quarter-turn of the right face.R2is a half-turn. Direction does not matter for a 180-degree move.
Wide turns, slice turns, and whole-cube rotations appear in more advanced methods. Learn the six basic face letters first, then use the algorithms hub and the pattern library as short, concrete practice sets.
Which way is clockwise on the back or bottom?
Imagine looking straight at the face named by the move. B is clockwise from behind the cube, so it looks reversed when you watch from the front. D is clockwise when you look up at the bottom. Do not use the direction seen on your screen as the definition of a turn.
For a quick check, do R four times. The cube returns to its starting state. R R' also returns the cube to its starting state. These checks help you verify the direction and amount of each turn. Learning a solving algorithm takes more than these checks alone.
Wide turns and numbered layers
Rw turns the outer right layer and the adjacent inner layer together. On a 4×4 or larger cube, 3Rw turns the three rightmost layers. Some sources use a lowercase r for a wide turn; Cube Solver writes the w explicitly.
2R turns only the second layer from the right. It differs from R2, which turns the outer right face halfway. 2R2 combines these instructions by turning the second layer from the right by 180 degrees. A prefix counts layers, and a suffix tells you how far to turn.
Middle slices on a 3×3
M: the slice between L and R, turning in the direction of L.E: the slice between U and D, turning in the direction of D.S: the slice between F and B, turning in the direction of F.
Primes and half-turns apply here too. M' reverses M, and E2 makes a half-turn. Even-sized cubes have no single central layer, so follow the explicit numbered-layer notation for your cube size.
Whole-cube rotations
x rotates the whole cube in the direction of R, bringing the front face to the top. y rotates it in the direction of U, bringing the right face to the front. z rotates it in the direction of F, bringing the top face to the right.
These regrips change which face subsequent letters refer to. Rotating the camera in the Digital Cube changes your view while its labelled move frame remains fixed. The lesson player explains whole-cube regrips separately when they are part of a worked example.
Read a complete sequence and its inverse
In R U F2, turn the right face clockwise, then the top face clockwise, then the front face halfway. To undo the sequence, reverse the order of the turns and the direction of each turn. The inverse is F2 U' R'. Half-turns are their own inverse. Keep the same orientation for both sequences.
Some printed guides use parentheses to group a trigger or use a number to show how many times to repeat it. For example, (R U R' U') 6 means six full repetitions. When using a Cube Solver practice link, write out the individual turns. The link accepts face, wide, numbered-layer and slice turns, plus x/y/z rotations. Expand repetition shorthand into separate moves.
For move-by-move examples, open First Moves. For parity notation on bigger cubes, use the 4×4 notation lesson or 5×5 notation lesson.
